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I'm working through the long poem "V" by Tony Harrison (available here). The narrator is describing the graffiti scrawled by football supporters, with "V" denoting "versus", as in "Leeds V [another team]". In the middle of this, he stops to draw a contrast with a different kind of V written up in public:

Half this skinhead's age but with approval
I helped whitewash a V on a brick wall.
No one clamoured in the press for its removal
or thought the sign, in wartime, rude at all.

Presumably this V, in the context of the war, stands for Victory. My question is ...

What is the point of this stanza about the old V as contrasted with the new V?

What does it say about the 'skinhead' graffiti artist or the narrator's perception of him, or about the narrator himself? Why is it included, and what does it add to the poem?

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As someone who has studied Harrison quite intensely I would hope to give an at least well reasoned view on this.

I would argue that this stanza highlights the way in which our perception and understanding of symbols, words and actions are determined predominantly by changing social norms dictated by the upper classes. As 'no-one clamoured in the press for its removal' Harrison highlights the arbitrary nature of this symbols; we have an example of graffiti that was an approved of set against the same symbol that was frowned upon-in this case the Vs the skinhead draws on graves. The symbol stays the same, what changes is society-one reading might be that Harrison is suggesting the upper classes more keenly attack the actions of the lower classes in the present compared to his youth, but I would say Harrison is making a more general point about the way we understand meaning.

Throughout his works, Harrison addresses the fact that over time our perception of language has changed according to social norms. For example, in 'Them and [uz]' Harrison brings attention to the fact that 'all poetry...'s been dubbed by [Λs] into RP' here Harrison highlights the fact that voices that were originally demotic or working class e.g. Keats and Wordsworth are now perceived as upper class voices because the English upper class ([Λs]) have 'dubbed' them to suit their purposes. The poetry is the same, much like the V, but our understanding of it has changed due to social norms and views on what kinds of socioeconomic classes get to produce and consume certain forms of art. It may be said that by doing this, Harrison highlights the way in which symbols and words may be appropriated by those in power-the fact that V is used with such versatility in the poem, and with so many meanings, shows how meaning is contextual in Harrison's view, for better or for worse.

Furthermore, Harrison may be addressing the fact that certain acts are deemed more acceptable in wartime or times of supposed crisis. The act of graffiti in the poem may reflect other acts that 'in wartime' are acceptable. Therefore Harrison, who is an established War Poet, may be addressing briefly the hypocrisy of a society that condemns some acts in peacetime but allows in wartime. Considering that Harrison's poetry is at times very clearly shaped by his experience of seeing war crimes and the use of nuclear weapons in his childhood, this could be a nod to one of Harrison's main sources of anger and concern.

You are free to completely reject these readings of course, and although there is not a great amount of critical work on Harrison; I'd recommend for this particular theme reading Harrison's School of Eloquence (1978), watching the film poem version of V and to get a particular sense of the way in which he reclaims texts at least taking a casual glance at some of his dramaturgy; The Mysteries (1985), The Labourers of Herakles (1996) and The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus (1988) all give a flavour of this. In terms of literary criticism, Holocaust Poetry: Awkward Poetics in the Work of Sylvia Plath, Geoffrey Hill, Tony Harrison and Ted Hughes by Anthony Rowland is well argued and, if you can access it, Public Poetry in the Work of Tony Harrison by Lenka Filopova is a good overview.

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  • Thanks for this! (Full disclosure: I started reading "V", and posted this question, partly because @Hamlet mentioned that you're an expert on Tony Harrison and his work.) I like the analysis in terms of class differences and societal norms, which seems to fit with Harrison's general attitudes; "Them and [uz]" looks like another fascinating poem which could lead to interesting posts here. One question: what do you mean by War Poet? Just a poet who writes about war, or does this capitalised phrase have a more specific meaning?
    – Rand al'Thor
    Oct 22, 2017 at 15:31
  • It's descriptive but I've always capitalized it, I don't think it matters too much either way, but he writes an exceptional amount on war, and was said to be 'poet laureate' of the Balkans conflicts.
    – S.Bailey
    Oct 22, 2017 at 15:33
  • I'm guessing he's a vigorously anti-war poet rather than one glorifying war?
    – Rand al'Thor
    Oct 22, 2017 at 15:35
  • Definitely anti-war, although Harrison's war poetry is often difficult to track down because it used to be published in The Guardian, although there is a lot of it, A Cold Coming should give a good impression of the kind of war poetry he wrote.
    – S.Bailey
    Oct 22, 2017 at 15:36

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