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The famous sentence "There are three sorts of people: those who are alive, those who are dead, and those who are at sea" is often attributed to Aristotle.
However, I was unable to find an actual reference in Aristotle works for this sentence. Did Aristotle really say this? If so, may you please give me a reference for this sentence in one of his works?
I found a French version of the quote on histoire-genealogie.com, where it was attributed to Plato:
« Il y a trois sortes d’hommes : les vivants, les morts, et ceux qui vont en mer » (Platon : Critias, L’Atlantide)
However, I could not find anything similar in a French translation of Critias, nor in a French translation of Timaeus (Plato's other dialogue that discusses Atlantis).
The quote may be a misrepresentation of something Diogenes Laertius wrote about Anacharsis in Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, more specifically, the following (in the translation by Robert Drew Hicks):
When some one inquired which were more in number, the living or the dead, he rejoined, "In which category, then, do you place those who are on the seas?"
Anacharsis was a Scythian philosopher who visited Athens around 589 BC, i.e. more than 150 years before Plato was born and roughly 200 years before Aristotle was born. Diogenes Laërtius lived in the third century AD; his Lives of the Eminent Philosophers also contains biographies of Plato (Book III) and Aristotle (in Book V).
I too have not found that line in Aristotle's works. It is often stated to be the work of Anacharsis, whose works did not survive to the current era, but was much quoted, including by Greek philosophers such as Aristotle. The earliest reference I've found so far is from the 1702 The Lives of Ancient Philosophers:
He doubted whether People at Sea were to be reckoned among the living or the dead...
It is certainly not from Aristotle. The line is meant to illustrate the strange life of the mariner. In some sense, not being on land puts him in a neutral condition, not fully alive (because there is no earth below his feet) and not yet fully dead (since we bury dead men in soil). The ocean has always invited and terrified man. See Melville’s discussion of this yearning in Chapter 1 (“Loomings”) of Moby Dick.
